What’s In A Candle Flame?

Microwave grape plasma: http://每年7月14日?v=RwTjsRt0Fzo
北極光: http://每年7月14日?v=knwiWm4DpvQ
Nanodiamonds in candle flames: http://每年7月14日?v=KzOkuGQC3Rw
Relight Candle Trick: http://每年7月14日?v=1tXPVTIisl0

Is a flame really a plasma? Well it depends on your definition of plasma, but there are certainly ions in a flame, formed as molecules collide with each other at high speed, sometimes knocking electrons off of their atoms.

Special thanks to the Palais de la Decouverte for helping me perform this experiment. Using tens of thousands of volts on two metal plates, we created a strong electric field around the plasma. This pulled positive ions in one direction and negative ions in the other direction elongating the flame horizontally and causing it to flicker like a “papillon” (蝴蝶). Then we showed that much longer sparks can be made through the flame than through air since the ions increase the conductivity.